Bats (Chiroptera)

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California Leaf-Nosed Bat (Macrotus californicus)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Time of Mating/ Laying See citation beginning p. 62 Female reproduction cycle F Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Body length 93.74 Total length g B Adult 62 Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, CA and Tuscon, Pima County, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.46
Body length 33.49 Tail length mm B Adult 62 Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, CA and Tuscon, Pima County, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets USA 1.02
Body length 13.31 Hindfoot length mm B Adult 61 Old Fort Yuma, Imperial County, CA and Tuscon, Pima County, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets USA 0.68
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Location Type Condition
Time of Mating/ Laying Ovulation/fertilization: October, Gestation: November-mid June, Lactation: mid June-August, Anestrus: August, Estrus: September Time of reproductive cycle F Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding

Lesser Long-Nosed Bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)

Citation:
Author(s)
Ayala-Berdon, J. and Schondube, J.E.
Issue
5
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 21.04 g B Not Reported 6 Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco Exposure Factor Datasets Non-reproductive MEXICO 1.67
Food Ingestion Rate 146 mmol sugar/L: 3.48; 1022 mmol/L: 7.85 Food intake at diff. sugar conc. g B Not Reported 6 Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco Exposure Factor Datasets Non-reproductive MEXICO 146 mmol/L: 0.62; 1022 mmol/L: 1.04
Body Weight - Mean No effect Change in body mass with increased sugar conc. g/10 hours B Not Reported 6 Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco Exposure Factor Datasets Non-reproductive MEXICO
Food Ingestion Rate See citation Figure 2 Energy intake (sugar solution) kJ/10 hour B Not Reported 6 Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco Exposure Factor Datasets Non-reproductive MEXICO
Citation:
Author(s)
Muijres, F.T., Henningsson, P., Stuiver, M. and Hedenström, A.
Volume
306
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties
Body Weight - Mean 0.022 kg M Adult 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Lab

Silver-Haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)

Citation:
Author(s)
McGuire, L.P., Jonasson, K.A. and Guglielmo, C.G.,
Issue
12
Volume
9
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Metabolic Rate See citation Figure 1 By temperature; resting vs. torpid W/g B Not Reported 24 Long Point Bird Observatory, Long Point, Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Body Weight - Mean 10.6 g B Not Reported 24 Long Point Bird Observatory, Long Point, Ontario Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA 0.2
Metabolic Rate See citation Figure 4 By ambient temperature; fat required W/g Not Reported 25 Long Point Bird Observatory, Long Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA

Mexican Long-Tongued Bat (Choeronycteris mexicana)

Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 39 Age at evidence of flight day NR Not Reported NR Arizona and New Mexico Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Arroyo-Cabrales, J., Hollander, R.R. and Jones, J.K.
Volume
291
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition
Dietary Composition Pollen grains from pitahaya, cazahaute, agave, garambulla Stomach contents NR Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body length Total length mm B Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean g B Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Pregnant weight g F Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Mating/ Laying Early spring Time of pregnancy Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Time of Mating/ Laying Time of birth Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Body Weight - Mean Fetus weight g NR Embryo 2 Exposure Factor Datasets
Body length 29 Fetus length, crown to rump mm NR Embryo 1 Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition 15 Duration of birth min NR Embryo 1 Exposure Factor Datasets Breeding
Dietary Composition Fruits, pollen, nectar, insects NR Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Couoh-de la Garza, R., Flores-Rojas, E., Briones-Escobedo, N., Hernández-del Angel, E., Martínez-Gallardo, R. and Aguilera, J.C.L.
Issue
2
Volume
66
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Body length 52.4 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 15.7 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body length 51.5 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 16 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body length 80.8 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 16.14 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 16.68 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 14.7 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 14.33 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 15 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 15.5 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body Weight - Mean 12.71 g F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body length 51.2 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body length 53.3 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body length 47.5 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body length 50.2 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body length 48.4 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Body length 47.8 mm F Not Reported 1 Baja California Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:
Author(s)
Ayala-Berdon, J. and Schondube, J.E.
Issue
5
Volume
84
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 13.34 Mean weight g NR Not Reported 4 El Jorullo Biological Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO 1.17
Food Ingestion Rate Increased Nectar intake with decreased sucrose concentration NR Not Reported 4 El Jorullo Biological Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets MEXICO

Western Mastiff Bat (Eumops perotis californicus)

Citation:
Author(s)
Krutzsch, P.H.
Issue
3
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Dietary Composition Insects B Both Adults and Juveniles NR Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Clutch or Litter Size Number of young/pregnancy B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition Early July B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets
Body length mm B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets
Body length mm B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets San Benito USA
mm B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets Los Angeles USA
Time of Hatching or Parturition March-early July B Embryo Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Brown, P.E. and Rainey, W.E.
Issue
3
Volume
78
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Moths (Lepidoptera) B Both Adults and Juveniles NR Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Dietary Composition Moths, beetles, crickets B Both Adults and Juveniles NR Exposure Factor Datasets USA

Vesper Bat (Myotis yumanensis)

Citation:
Author(s)
Grindal, S.D., Collard, T.S., Brigham, R.M. and Barclay, R.M.
Issue
2
Volume
128
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Time of Hatching or Parturition 1979: June 10, 1989: June 17, 1990: July 17 First date of lactating bat captured F Adult 66 Okanagan Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 1989: July 17, 1990: August 8 First date of postlactating bat captured F Adult 115 Okanagan Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis 1989: July 9, 1990: August 6 First date of juvenile bat captured NR Juvenile 71 Okanagan Valley, British Columbia Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Author(s)
Licht, P. and Leitner, P.
Issue
1
Volume
48
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Body Weight - Mean g NR Both Adults and Juveniles 2000 Barn in Solano County Exposure Factor Datasets Solano Nursery roost USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Ober, H.K. and Hayes, J.P.
Issue
5
Volume
89
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Acari: 1, Araneae: 10, Coleoptera: 1, Diptera: 31, Ephemeroptera: <1, Hemiptera: 6, Homoptera: 2, Hymenoptera: 1, Isoptera: 12, Lepidoptera: 11, Neuroptera: 2, Orthoptera: 0, Plecoptera: <1, Psocoptera: 0, Trichoptera: 22 % volume in fecal pellets % volume B Both Adults and Juveniles 70 Oregon Coast Range Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Braun, J.K., Yang, B., González-Pérez, S.B. and Mares, M.A.
Issue
918
Volume
47
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries
Time of Hatching or Parturition May-August Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Beetles; soft-bodied
insects: flies, termites, moths, mayflies; ants; arachnids
B Both Adults and Juveniles Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Weight - Mean g B Adult Not reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Metabolic Rate 1.91 cm3 O2/hr B Adult Exposure Factor Datasets
Body Fat (total or %) Fat index increase % fat/g lean dry weight F Adult Exposure Factor Datasets Before departure to maternity roost USA
Clutch or Litter Size 1 Young per year No. young B Neonate Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Brigham, R.M., Aldridge, H.D.J.N. and Mackey, R.L.
Issue
3
Volume
73
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition See citation Figure 1 Insect order consumption by date % volume B Adult 115 Okanagan Valley Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Condition Countries
Body Weight - Mean g F Adult 12 Limekiln Creek Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Nonpregnant (some lactating) USA
Body Weight - Mean 5.5 g M Adult 5 Limekiln Creek Exposure Factor Datasets Monterey Nonpregnant (some lactating) USA
Citation:
Author(s)
Ewing, W.G., Studier, E.H. and O'Farrell, M.J.
Volume
36
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Body Fat (total or %) August: 0.30, September 1: 0.67, September 15: 0.88 Fat index g fat/g lean dw F Adult August: 5, September 1: 5, September 15: 8 Montezuma, San Miguel County Exposure Factor Datasets USA August: 0.12, September 1: 0.12, September 15: 0.23
Body Fat (total or %) August: 0.27, September 1: 0.19, September 15: 0.32 Fat index g fat/g lean dw F Juvenile August: 1, September 1: 5, September 15: 1 Montezuma, San Miguel County Exposure Factor Datasets USA September 1: 0.05
Body Fat (total or %) August: 0.24, September 1: 0.08 Fat index g fat/g lean dw M Juvenile August: 3, September 1: 2 Montezuma, San Miguel County Exposure Factor Datasets USA August: 0.08, September 1: 0.01
Citation:
Author(s)
Frick, W.F., Rainey, W.E. and Pierson, E.D.
Issue
4
Volume
17
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Survival/ Mortality Annual stage-specific apparent survival rate F Juvenile 903 Shasta, Trinity, and Siskiyou counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Survival/ Mortality Annual stage-specific apparent survival rate F Adult 903 Shasta, Trinity, and Siskiyou counties Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Population Density 13997 Occupying bridges No. individuals B Both Adults and Juveniles 13,997 Rio Grande Valley Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Condition Countries Error
Body Weight - Mean 0.006 kg F Adult 13 Okanagan Valley Exposure Factor Datasets Nonparous/postpartum CANADA 0.001

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus)

Citation:
Author(s)
Johnston, D.S. and Fenton, M.B.
Issue
2
Volume
82
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Dietary Composition Acrididae: 16.1, Ceuthophilus californianus: 4.7, Gryllidae: 8.3, Stenopelmatus fuscus: 27.3, Microcentrum rhombifolium: 0.6, Diptera: 0.2, Lepidoptera: 5.8, Carabidae: 8.4, Prionus californicus: 1.0, Chilopoda: 11.8, Solpugidae: 7.8, Lycosidae: 7.8 Percentage of total volume % M Adult 116 Exposure Factor Datasets Marin USA
Dietary Composition Tytthotyle maculata: 9.9, Grylliacrididae: 1.0, Gryllus: 4.0, Diptera: 0.3, Lepidoptera: 5.7, Coleoptera: 2.3, Cyclocephla longula: 24.4, Tenebrionidae: 3.6, Edrotes ventricosus: 0.6, Hippomelas: 21.0, Tiphiidae: 1.5, Pentatomidae: 4.3, Geocoris: 0.1, Myrmeleontidae: 4.9, Solpugidae: 14.1 Percentage of total volume % M Adult 29 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern USA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Insecta: 81.3, arachnida: 17.2, reptilia: 0.9 % B Both Adults and Juveniles Not reported University of Texas at El Paso Indio Mountains Research Station Exposure Factor Datasets USA
Citation:
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
Dietary Composition Arachnida: 0.8, insecta: 97.8, other: 1.6 Perent frequency B Both Adults and Juveniles 93 Nk'Mip Indian Band Reserve Exposure Factor Datasets CANADA
Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
DDE (4,4'-) 5.8 ppm; range, 3.6-8.2 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDD (4,4'-) 0.1 ppm; range, <0.1-0.3 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 1.8 ppm; range, 0.6-3.8 ppm (wet wt) mean and range of concentration in carcass, wet wt Both Male and Female Adult 4 bats near cities Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
Citation:
Author(s)
Barbour, R.W. and W.H. Davis
Pages
285
Publisher
University of Kentucky Press
Year
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Food Ingestion Rate Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Beasley, Laura J., Kimberly M. Pelz and Irving Zucker
Pages
R955-R958
Year
Issue
6
Volume
246
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Error Lab
Body Weight - Mean 39.2 g Female Adult 3 Exposure Factor Datasets 2.6 SE Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 32.6 g Male Adult 10 Exposure Factor Datasets Napa 0.9 SE
Body Weight - Mean 21.7 g Male Adult 135 Exposure Factor Datasets Napa 0.2 SE
Citation:
Author(s)
Orr, Robert T.
Pages
165-246
Year
Issue
4
Volume
28
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Condition Lab
Time of Torpor or Hibernation late Mar.-early Apr. end of winter dormancy period Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Time of Migration or Dispersal mid-Oct. time of dispersal of summer roost colonies Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo
Inhalation Rate 0-52 respiration rate in dormant bats at 40 deg F respirations/min Both Male and Female Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Body Weight - Mean 24.3 g Female Adult 15 Exposure Factor Datasets Kern, San Luis Obispo ovulating
Body Weight - Mean 20.6 g Male Adult 2 colonies Exposure Factor Datasets NR Kern, San Luis Obispo
Citation:
Author(s)
Davis, Russell
Pages
729-736
Year
Volume
50
Exposure Endpoint Type Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Clutch or Litter Size pups Female Adult 50 Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Hermanson, John W. and Thomas J. O'Shea
Pages
1-8
Year
Volume
213
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Body Weight - Mean Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Clutch or Litter Size Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Time of Hatching or Parturition Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Dietary Composition Review Both Male and Female Not Reported Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets
Citation:
Author(s)
Brown, Patricia
Pages
34-54
Year
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning 7-10 age at weaning wks Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 bats Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Growth Rate 25 increase in body weight over time (to adult weight) g/2-3 mo Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 bats Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Beasley, L.J.
Pages
115-123
Year
Volume
23-24
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Food Ingestion Rate range of mean monthly rates of ingestion of mealworm diet, measured over three years g/mo Male Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Chew, Robert M. and Harold E. White
Pages
452-58
Year
Issue
4
Volume
41
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Lab
Metabolic Rate 0.47 estimated oxygen consumption of resting animals at 25 C ml O2/g BW/hr Not Reported Adult Not Reported Exposure Factor Datasets Laboratory
Citation:
Author(s)
Easterla, David A. and John O. Whitaker, Jr.
Pages
887 - 890
Year
Volume
53
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type
Dietary Composition Lepidoptera (22.2), Gryllidae or Tettigoniidae (11.1), unident. insects (38.9), unident. Coleoptera (1.7), Cercopidae and Cicadellidae (1.7), Mymeleontidae (8.9), Carabidae (11.1), unident. Orthoptera (4.4) percent volume of stomach contents % Not Reported Not Reported 9 Big Bend National Park Exposure Factor Datasets

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